(1) When formulating feed, it must be based on the feeding standards of chickens, and combined with practical experience in production, formulate the best feed formulation that meets the requirements, not only satisfying the requirements of chickens for various nutrients, but also various nutrients. The balance should be optimal. (2) When formulating feeds, attention should be paid to the diversification of feedstuffs, and as many feed ingredients as possible should be used for preparation. This can give full play to the nutritional complementation between various raw materials to ensure the perfection of nutrients and facilitate the improvement of feed digestion. Rates and utilization of nutrients. (3) Selection of raw materials When preparing feed, pay attention to the quality and palatability of the raw materials. If the quality of the feed is poor or the palatability is poor, even if it meets the nutrient requirements in calculations, it does not actually meet the needs of the chicken. For those feed ingredients that have poor characteristics and poor palatability, such as blood meal, leather powder, feather meal, cottonseed cake (cake), rapeseed meal (cake), sesame cake, grass powder, bad residue, etc., they must be processed and restricted in advance. Its use in feed. (4) In the preparation of feed, the hygienic requirements of the feed should be considered, the raw materials used should be of good quality, and the raw materials that are moldy and degenerate should not be used as raw materials for compound feed. In feed ingredients, such as rice bran, peanut cake, etc., due to high fat content, easy to mold, easy to infect aflatoxin and produce aflatoxin, damage the liver of chickens, serious produce tumors or cancer. In addition, we must also pay attention to those feed ingredients that have not been contaminated with pesticides or other toxic or hazardous substances. (5) In the preparation of feed, according to the characteristics of the digestive physiology of various chickens, choose the appropriate feed ingredients to match, especially to control the content of crude fiber in the feed. As the content of crude fiber in the diet increases, daily gain and feed utilization will decrease. The crude fiber content should not exceed 5%. (6) When formulating feeds, the relationship between feed intake and feed nutrient concentration must be considered. If the diet energy concentration is low, the chicken will increase feed intake and eat too much, it will reduce the digestibility. (7) The modulation of feed processing has a great influence on feed digestibility. Heat treatment processes such as granulation or extrusion improve the utilization of nutrients and the utilization of feed, if excessive processing will reduce the availability of nutrients and feed utilization. Heat treatment of soybeans, etc., destroys trypsin inhibitors and improves feed utilization. When the feed mixes, it will stir unevenly, which will reduce the feed digestibility. (8) The grain size of the feed also has a certain influence on the feed utilization rate. If the feed particle size is too large, the feed digestibility will be reduced. If the feed particle size is too small, it will reduce the palatability and feed intake, and increase the incidence of gastric ulcer. (9) When raising chickens, first select those breeds with good genetic properties for feeding. Feed utilization is a production trait with moderate heritability that can be improved by selection. (10) Different feeding methods have different feed utilization rates. Dry and wet feeds and liquid feeds have improved feed conversion compared to dry feeds, but higher feed intakes can lead to increased carcass fat. (11) Adequate clean drinking water is also very important for improving feed utilization. (12) Environmental conditions can also affect feed conversion efficiency. For example, the optimum growth temperature for laying hens is 18-20oC. When the temperature is lowered, feed intake increases, and most of the feed energy will be used for heat production rather than egg production. If the temperature is too high, feed intake decreases. Changes in humidity, ventilation, harmful gases, and light can also affect feed utilization. If reasonable lighting can increase appetite, it is beneficial to digestion, thereby improving the utilization of feed and relatively reducing feed consumption. If the illumination time is too long and the intensity is high, the consumption of feed will increase, and the performance of growth, egg production and the like will decrease, and the feed utilization rate will decrease. (13) Reasonably control the weight of the chicken. About two-thirds of the feed consumed by chickens is used to maintain their physiological needs. The bigger the chicken's weight, the more feed it consumes. In laying hens, the weight of the chicken should be referenced to the standard weight of the breed as recommended in the Feeding Management Guidelines and reasonably controlled. This will not affect the production of eggs, but also prevent the chickens from getting too fat; it will not only ensure nutrient supply but also reduce feed wastage. (14) Set up a reasonable manger and sink. The depth of the chicken trough should generally reach 10 cm. Inside the trough should be added 1 to 2 cm wide rafts. The trough should be placed as high as possible, generally should be 1 ~ 2 cm above the back of the chicken is appropriate, so as to prevent the feed during the feeding process to reduce feed wastage. Excessive feed volume or too low trough placement can cause feed waste or contamination. Generally, the feeding amount on the feeding cannot exceed 1/3 of the depth of the feeding trough. (15) Strengthen feed storage. Improper storage of feed, especially during high temperature and high humidity seasons, can cause worms and mildew. Moldy feed cannot be used to feed chickens, causing waste. Therefore, the feed should be placed in a bag and placed on a wooden stand or raft that is 20 centimeters high above the ground to ensure good ventilation; prevent rain and moisture, the interior should be clean and dry, and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%. Anti-mold agents can also be added to prevent mildew in the feed. (16) It is necessary to formulate a good anti-epidemic program and manage it according to the procedure so that the production performance of the flock will be maximized. If unhealthy chickens are found in production, they must be treated or eliminated in time. The in vitro and in vivo parasites also cause great harm to the flock. Not only do they consume feed nutrients, but they also damage the digestive tract mucosa, causing the chicken to lose weight and reduce the egg production, thus reducing the feed conversion rate. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically deworm (17) Use of feed additives. Prebiotics, Chinese medicine preparations, etc. can improve chicken stupid chicken surgery.
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