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First, materials and methods
Seed source
Aladdin: Brilliant flowers, flower path 9-10 cm. Early flowers grow vigorously. Plant height 25-30 cm, flowering throughout the season.
Dream: Infinite flowering habits, consistent flowering period, and spring cultivation, the flowering period of each flower variety differs by less than a week. The compact branching habits make it suitable for shelf sales.
Eagle has good branching compactness, flower diameter 7-8 cm, variety of colors, long flowering period.
Supercascade: Large flowers, flower diameter 10-13 cm, can form a beautiful large flower basket. The cultivation of outdoor flower beds is particularly eye-catching.
Picotee: Two-colored petunia species, with good dwarf and compact branching habits, good resistance to high temperatures and stress resistance.
Avalanche: Hanging Petunia, no hollow phenomenon, 15-20 centimeters tall, 80-130 centimeters in the crown and humid and hot habits, become the leader of the hanging cow, the color is pink White purple and other colors.
Petunia is best cultivated using high-quality imported seeds. Because the seeds are even more expensive, their cost accounts for only a small proportion of the cost of the final product. If the inferior quality seeds are purchased because of the cheapness of the finished product, the quality of the finished product is not good enough.
Second, sowing
1, sowing substrate
The seeding substrate is the soil from which the seeds germinate, and its quality affects the seedling rate and seedling quality. I have visited production companies of foreign companies in China. The substrates they use are really good. They are basically all imported from abroad, but the prices are too high, which virtually increases the cost of flowers. I used turf-producing soil and vermiculite produced in Northeast China to mix in certain proportions, and used chlorothalonil to treat the substrate once in the mixing process. It proved to be effective in later cultivation.
2, sowing method
Plug seedlings are now common seeding methods. Generally, what kind of plug trays are selected according to their own needs. Petunia is usually planted with a flat dish, but I think it is more suitable to use plug-in sowing Petunia, because using on-demand sowing can reduce transplant seedlings, increase the rate of seedling growth, and the seedlings grown are not dense and effective. Prevent the occurrence of early stage blight. Because petunia seeds are more difficult to use than smaller seeds, the seeds are generally granulated. The Aladdin species is selected. The following technical parameters are based on Aladdin.
3, sowing time
Petunia generally needs 80-100 days from sowing to flowering, but it should be based on its own cultivation level, cultivation conditions, and cultivation season. Generally, it is sown 15-20 days earlier so as not to delay the flowering period.
4, sowing should pay attention to the problem
The petunia seeds are extremely small and the original seed should not be covered; the coated seeds can be covered slightly. The principle is that the seeds are semi-implicit and semi-implicated. When the soil temperature is maintained at about 20 degrees, the seedlings will emerge best. See Light and maintaining sufficient humidity are necessary conditions. Summer sowing due to high temperature, humidity is not easy to maintain and the germination rate decreases.
Third, seedling stage
Petunia generally emerges in 7-12 days. After emergence, it is necessary to reduce the humidity in time and use fungicides regularly. After 10-15 days, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed, usually with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In the premise of not affecting the growth, watering should be properly reduced, humidity should be lowered, and the principle of seeing wet and dry should be adhered to in order to promote the development of the root system. When the root is full within the hole, it can be potted.
1, basin
The seedlings should be packed into basins of a certain size according to their own needs. The quality must be paid attention when the pots are installed, because the survival rate of the pots is almost equal to the yield. If there is a large proportion of fatalities in this process, all previous inputs will be wasted, and artificially cleared dead seedlings will also be required. Pay attention to the following points when loading basins:
a. The substrate's water permeability should be very good, otherwise the seedlings will die easily in the case of water accumulation.
b, to be irrigated, inconsistent watering affect the uniformity
c. When taking the seedlings from the plug, try to keep the integrity of the root system, injure the roots, collect water, and easily appear yellow seedlings.
d, shading more than ten days after the basin is installed, complete the slow seedling process
2, after the basin of management
Petunia hybrids have high survival rate if they pay attention to the quality of the pots when they are potted. At this time, if they are allowed to grow freely, they often appear to have high heights and fewer branches. If you want to cultivate a plant with a short plant and a large diameter, you should pay attention to the following points:
1) Moisture
Under the premise of ensuring the normal growth of plants, dry gradually and gradually; when the matrix is ​​dry, it is watered, and when the water is poured, the water flow should not be too large, so as to avoid flooding the plants and damaging the root system, and the seedlings may be shaken to affect the quality of the finished product.
2) Fertilization
In the potting matrix should be mixed with organic fertilizers, such as puffed chicken manure, in the growth period can be used inorganic fertilizers, such as diamine top dressing, but should pay attention to a small number of times. Fertilizer should pay attention to the use of N, P and K, and avoid the phenomenon of excessive growth and disease resistance of excessive N fertilizer plants. If you need to accelerate flowering, you can spray foliar fertilizer. It is recommended that 2% urea be used in combination with 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which works well. The number of topdressing can be determined according to the situation.
3) Pest control
Industrialized seedlings, large production, pests and diseases prone to occur, and in the event of a serious harm, it should always pay attention to the growth of flowers, prevention-based, generally in the season of easy pests and diseases, such as high temperature and rainy summer, placing more In a dense greenhouse, etc., a bactericide and insecticide are sprayed once a week; if the ventilation is good and the humidity is low, it can be sprayed once every two weeks. If it has already occurred, the disease condition should be determined and controlled with a suitable agent.
4) Placement
Being neatly arranged is not only for beauty, but also allows the flower to have enough space for growth, avoiding leggy and keeping ventilation to prevent pests and diseases.
5) Lighting
In addition to the small seedlings that need to be shaded when they are just above the pots, the petunia should see more light, which is beneficial to the improvement of flower quality.
6) Growth regulators
In summer, high temperature and rain easily make the long inter-flower crown diameter smaller. Generally, the use of chlormeine has a certain effect. When 1 seedling is in the true leaf stage, spray 2000ppmB or 16ppm A-rest twice a week. Specific circumstances.
Cultivation and Management of Petunia in Northern China
Petunia is a perennial herbal flower of Solanum petunia and is often cultivated for one year. Its color is rich, long flowering period, generally from May to November, if the temperature and other suitable cultivation conditions can be an annual flowering. Petunia has several major categories, such as large flower type, multi-flower type, and hanging type. It is suitable for various purposes such as gardening, hanging, and hanging. Because of its superiority, it is deeply loved by urban greeners, and it is also widely used. Growers' favor. Now introduce some of your own experience and experience to everyone for your reference.