In the production of cucumber in greenhouses, the phenomenon of cucumber and melons often occurs. That is, the cucumber grows up and does not grow even when it is smaller than the size of the small thumb, which seriously affects the yield of cucumber and makes the economic benefits to the farmers. Cash Safe,Bank Drawer Safe,Password Money Safe,Metal Key Lock Safe Deposit Ningbo Reliance Security Technology CO.,Ltd , https://www.reliancesafes.com
One, the reasons for cucumber melon
The main reason for cucumber melons is due to the lack of sufficient nutrient supply for melons. Specific performance in the following areas:
1, the temperature is too high to cause melon. Cucumber is a typical thermophilic plant. Under normal circumstances, the temperature required for the normal growth and development of cucumber during the day is 25-30°C and 13-18°C at night. If the temperature is too high, especially if the temperature is too high during the night, the respiration of the cucumber will be too vigorous and consume a large amount of nutrients, resulting in the accumulation of nutrients in the fruit, which will cause the melons to fade.
2, continuous low temperature, cloudy day caused by melon.
In the winter and spring seasons, even in cloudy days, the indoor temperature of the shed is often at the lower limit of cucumber growth. The leaves are smaller, the growth is weaker, and the photosynthetic product is less. It can not meet the nutrition needed for the normal growth and development of the melon, and causes the melon phenomenon.
3, pick melon not cause melon in time. Under normal circumstances, the cucumber can be harvested 7-12 days after flowering. If the harvest is not timely, it will affect the nutrient up to the part of the young melon transport, and cause the upper melon strip melon. In particular, root melon should be picked early in time, otherwise it will lead to cucumber falling phenomenon.
4, cucumbers cause longevity of melons. In the process of cucumber growth, if the temperature is relatively high, the water and fertilizer are too large, especially if the nitrogen fertilizer is applied too much, it is easy to cause the cucumber to grow long, which leads to the vegetative growth is too strong, suppresses the reproductive growth, and the emergence of the melon. Especially in the period of rejection, catching fertilizer and watering prematurely will cause cucumbers to grow longer and produce melons.
5, excessive colonization density caused melon. When the cucumber colonization density is high, the roots compete with each other to absorb nutrients. At the same time, the aerial light and light transmission performance of the shoot is weakened, and the plant stems and leaves are thin and the photosynthetic product is relatively reduced, resulting in insufficient nutrition supply to the melons.
6, too low concentration of CO2 in the greenhouse caused by the melon. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis of plants. During the production of greenhouses, CO2 accumulation takes place during the night. Before the debris in early morning, the concentration of carbon dioxide is the highest, usually above 1000 ppm. After the exposing, as the photosynthesis gradually strengthened, the CO2 concentration gradually decreased. Especially during the vigorous plant growth period in spring, in the case of insufficient organic fertilizer, CO2 insufficiency would inevitably occur, resulting in the inhibition of photosynthesis and the accumulation of nutrients. As a result, cucumber lacks sufficient nutrition to cause melons.
7, excessive female flower differentiation caused melon. The greenhouse cucumbers in winter and spring and greenhouse cucumbers in spring are under low temperature and short-day conditions during the breeding period, which are conducive to the differentiation and formation of female flowers. The young seeds are much more so that the young melons compete for nutrition and cause melons.
8, the type of knot strength is too strong cause melon. Some varieties have strong self-consolidation, and nutrition can not keep up with causing melons. Such as: New Thailand Mimi, Changchun Mimi and other species, because of its festivals have melon, and even a section of melon, if the management of fertilizer and water can not keep up, serious pests and diseases, often cause melon phenomenon.
9. Pesticides caused by pest damage. Diseases such as cucumber gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and wilt disease directly invade leaves, rhizome vascular tissue, and tender melon, affecting the development of cucumber photosynthesis, transport of nutrients, and normal development of tender cucurbits. . Aphids and whiteflies also cause melons when they are badly harmed.
Second, prevention and control measures
1, adjust the temperature inside the shed. The seedling period is maintained at about 30°C during the day and about 18°C ​​at night, and the temperature is controlled between 25°C and 30°C during the day and 13°C-18°C during the night. During the day, temperatures higher than 32°C should be allowed to cool down. If the weather turns nighttime, at night when the temperature is higher than 18 °C, also pay attention to night ventilation cooling.
2, for leaf fertilizer. In case of continuous low temperature and cloudy days, it is necessary to strengthen management, and it is possible to use leaf spray 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% glucose + 1% urea for remediation. In the melon period, 100mg/kg gibberellin (ie, 1g gibberellin plus water 10kg) can be used to spray flowers, which can promote the growth of the melon strips and prevent the low-temperature melons from growing.
3, timely harvest. To remove the root melon as soon as possible and timely harvest the melon that reaches the maturity of the commodity, in order to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption. For unusual melons, such as tapir melon, sharp-toed melon, etc. should be removed as soon as possible so as not to affect the growth of normal melon.
4, strengthen the control of fertilizer and fertilizer to prevent leggy. Due to the cucumbers that are caused by cucumbers, they can be solved by means of coordinating reproductive growth and vegetative growth. Such as delaying top dressing and watering period, controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer. For plants that have been found to be prosperous and cause melons, 100 mg/kg ethephon can be used to promote the occurrence of female flowers. When the plant internodes are too long, the growth is weak, and there are signs of leggy when spraying 20mg/kg of chlormequat, inhibit leggy, prevent melon, and promote melon growth.
5, rational close planting. In the production of greenhouses, large and small rows should be planted, with a large row spacing of 80 centimeters, a small row spacing of 50 centimeters and a plant spacing of about 30 centimeters, in order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of plants and improve the utilization of light energy.
6, for CO2 fertilization. In order to prevent the cucurbits caused by too low CO2 concentration in the shed, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer may be used. It is also possible to increase the amount of organic fertilizer when applying the base fertilizer, and use the CO2 released by organic fertilizer to make up for the shortage of CO2 gas in the greenhouse.
7, thinning fruits and vegetables. If the female flower has strong differentiation ability and there are too many melons, it can carry out sparse flowering of fruits and vegetables and control of melons.
8, choose the right cultivars. In the production of greenhouses, Jinza No.2, Jinza No.4, Jinchun No.3, Jinyou No.1, Jinyou No.2 and other varieties are generally selected, and the melons are lighter under suitable cultivation and management measures.
9, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. We must adhere to the principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control. Once pests and diseases are found, effective measures must be taken in time for prevention and control.