Feed safety is a guarantee of animal food safety. The so-called feed safety, usually refers to the feed products (including feed and feed additives) does not contain toxic, harmful substances or factors that cause actual harm to the health of the animals, and will not remain, accumulate and transfer in the culture products; feed products and The use of aquaculture products produced from feed products will not endanger human health or adversely affect human living conditions. Feed Safety Status and Consequences In 2002, China's total output of meat was 65.5 million tons, the total output of poultry eggs was 23.6 million tons, and the total output of milk products was 13.5 million tons, ranking first in the world. However, the quality of our livestock products is far from satisfactory. For example, the product has a low lean meat rate and low water system; bad flavor, large drug residues, and inadequate health and disease control. In the international arena, the spectre of mad cow disease in Britain has rekindled the epidemic of the European cattle industry; the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the UK has led to heavy losses in the livestock industry in the UK; the British government has resigned from the British government in two incidents; the Clenbuterol case has been It poisoned 17 people in Hong Kong and poisoned 63 people in Zhejiang. The outbreak of bird flu in Asia caused many people to talk about "avian" discoloration. Whether in the past or in the future, the development of safe and efficient feed and aquaculture, providing consumers with healthy, high-quality animal products has always been the fundamental and long-term economic growth point for domestic and foreign animal husbandry. Residues and enrichment of harmful substances in feeds and feed additives, alternating infections of bacteria, and resistance and ecological effects directly harm human health; the use of additives such as high-copper and high-zinc, and the use of organic arsenic in large quantities have caused environmental problems. The serious pollution; foreign developed countries attach great importance to feed hygiene and safety, drug residue hazards, has been proposed to banned more than one hundred kinds of veterinary drugs, hormones, pesticides, insecticides. The problem of livestock and poultry product safety in China directly affects the foreign exchange earned through exports, and restricts the further development and expansion of the aquaculture industry. The safety of feed products affects the safety of animal and animal foods to a large extent, and it is related to the human living environment and its own safety. Therefore, feed safety has become a major issue for the feed industry at present and in the coming years. Analysis of the Causes of Feed Safety Problems Natural toxic and harmful substances in feedstuff Feed ingredients often contain one or more naturally occurring toxic and harmful substances, such as alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, gossypol, tannins, protease inhibitors, phytic acid, and toxic nitro groups in plant feeds. Compounds, etc.; ammonia, anti-sulfurin and anti-biotin in animal feed. These poisonous and harmful substances can cause a variety of hazards and effects on animals. Lighter ones reduce the nutritional value of feeds and affect the animal's production performance. Severe ones cause acute or sub-acute poisoning of animals, induce cancer and even death. Feed biocontamination Feed (raw materials) may cause mildew and contamination of feed during storage, processing, and transportation. For example, bacteria, molds, viruses, toxoplasma, and other pathogens in feed may enter the digestive tract and cause digestive tract. Infection, infectious infectious diseases such as salmonella poisoning occur. Some bacteria multiply in the feed and produce bacterial toxins, which are caused by bacterial toxins caused by the corresponding pathogenesis, such as bacterial exotoxin poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin and the like. Metabolic products such as molds and mycotoxins produced during the mildew process can deteriorate the sensory properties of the feed, such as irritating odors, abnormal colors, stickiness and agglomeration. As a result, feed palatability declines. After the animal ingests mold-contaminated feed, mycotoxins and their metabolites can be detected in liver, kidney, muscle, breast milk, and poultry eggs, resulting in contamination of animal foods. Feed non-biological pollution of a variety of chemical substances such as toxic heavy metals and non-metallic, some organic or inorganic compounds can contaminate the feed, seriously affecting the safety of feed. Excessive use of chlorine-containing pesticides, plastics and other chlorine-containing wastes at temperatures below 850°C, pulp bleaching, the use of chlorine-containing cleaners in the industrial smelting process, and automotive exhaust can generate dioxin and dioxins. It can contaminate crops and accumulate in feed. Most of the drug additives themselves have a strong toxic effect. Such as penicillin potassium, cephalosporins and other large use will induce the body to produce β-lactamase, so that the penicillin lactam structure destruction and loss of activity, resulting in penicillin, cephalosporin resistance increased; furazolidone, kanamycin Such drugs can inhibit the proliferation of animal B lymphocytes and can affect the immune effect of vaccines; sulfa drugs also damage kidney function and hematopoietic system. Excessive use of feed metal elements High-copper preparations are widely used in pig feeds. They not only promote the growth of pigs, but also cause feces to darken and increase the commercial properties of swine feed. Some manufacturers not only add high copper to feeds for piglets and growing pigs, but also use high-copper preparations in feeds such as finishing pigs and broilers, and do not significantly improve production performance. Usually, 4 ppm copper is contained in the finishing pig feed to meet the needs. When the copper content is too high, attention must also be paid to the addition of iron and zinc. According to statistics, when the copper content is as high as 250 ppm, pig fat can be softened, affecting the shape of the carcass. The United States does not want to use high-copper formulations in feeds, and the United Kingdom limits copper to less than 160 ppm. Although it is not prohibited in China, it is expressly stated that the maximum amount of copper added to the feed for piglets should be less than 200 ppm, and other livestock and poultry should be less than 150 ppm. Due to the special commercial requirements of pig farmers for the darkening of pig feed manure, it is difficult for ordinary farmers to use high copper, but it is not possible to use large copper preparations for large pig farms. Adding blood meal to the pig's feed also makes the pig's feces darker and less copper. Many manufacturers use high-zinc preparations (zinc greater than 1000ppm) in suckling pig feed, so that a large amount of zinc will be excreted with the feces, causing environmental pollution. The use of banned and phased-out drugs, Hcl-clenbuterol, is commercially available as trastuzumab, antropine, and clenbuterol, which is a beta-adrenergic agonist or nutrient redistribution agent. Increase lean meat and reduce fat. Although China has banned the use of Clenbuterol, it has been reported. The use of hormones as a growth-promoting agent in cattle feed has been known for many years, but in recent years, the European Union believes that consumption of hormone beef may lead to cancer or other serious diseases in humans. Such beef contains estradiol, progesterone, and testicular copper. A variety of hormones, such as mycotenone, can disrupt the body's endocrine and cause cancer and teratogenicity.
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