Shandong: Some diseases with high temperature and humidity have entered the high season

The Shandong Provincial Health Commission announced that with the advent of summer, temperature and humidity in Shandong Province have begun to rise, and some infectious diseases have begun to enter the high season. Experts from the Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed that the infectious disease situation in Shandong Province has been relatively stable recently, and the overall outbreak has not changed much from previous years. However, as the temperature rises, some epidemic diseases of intestinal infectious diseases and insect-borne diseases will increase. Children, students, and migrants in childcare institutions are at high risk for epidemic diseases and should receive sufficient attention.

Hand-foot-mouth disease

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in summer and autumn. It mostly occurs in infants and young children under 5 years of age. The disease can be caused by multiple enteroviruses. Enteroviruses EV71 and CA16 are the most common. It can occur throughout the year. It is a peak period from May to July each year. Clinically, fever and herniation, ulcers in the hands, feet, and oral cavity are the main manifestations. A few patients can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, and aseptic meninges. Fatal complications such as inflammation and brainstem encephalitis. Severe cases of children with severe illnesses can lead to death. There is a "18-character guideline" for hand-foot-and-mouth disease: Wash your hands, ventilate, drink boiled water, eat cooked food, clothes, and get a vaccine. Hot weather, do not allow children to drink raw water, eat raw food; reduce children to the crowd gathered, poor air circulation in public places; avoid contact with sick children; if you find that children have fever, blisters in the palm, soles or mouth, etc. Symptoms such as skin rashes should promptly bring children to the hospital for treatment. Once children with hand-foot-mouth disease are found to be persistently feverish, with poor mental health, vomiting, breathing, increased heart rate, and high blood pressure, they may develop into critical cases in a short period of time. They should immediately go to a hand-foot-mouth disease hospital.

Norovirus disease

Norovirus disease is a common spring-summer infection. Many children have fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other illnesses. Even many families are "in the family." Norovirus causes infectious diarrhea to come quickly, spread quickly, and have more outbreaks. Its onset characteristics are: most of the onset from 24 hours to 48 hours; children mainly vomiting, mainly adult diarrhea; the incidence of self-limiting, usually 2-3 days can be self-healing; schools, kindergartens, units and other public places High incidence. At present, there is no vaccine against Norovirus. Because it is mainly based on intestinal transmission, it is necessary to control the mouth in daily life and pay attention to food safety. Before eating fruits and vegetables, wash them, peel them, eat raw foods and eat them, especially shellfish and other aquatic products; pay attention to the hygiene of utensils, and frequently clean and disinfect.

Brucellosis

Brucellosis, also known as wave fever, is a zoonotic infectious allergic disease caused by Brucella and is a statutory Class B infectious disease in China. The main clinical manifestations of brucellosis are: fever (wave undulations), hyperhidrosis, articular muscle pain, other symptoms and signs of fatigue, lack of energy, skin rashes, enlarged lymph nodes in the liver and spleen, swollen testes, and swollen joints. Large, subcutaneous nodules appear, and severe cases lose their ability to work. After birth (Lamb) Midwifery, veterinary, slaughter, fur processing and other personnel to do a good job of personal protection, wear overalls, rubber aprons, hats, masks, latex gloves and gloves; do not eat raw or half-lived meat, raw and cooked Must be separated.

measles

Measles is an acute, systemic, rash-related respiratory infection caused by the measles virus. It has high incidence in winter and spring. The incidence of the disease is mainly children, but the incidence of adult measles has been increasing in recent years. Measles is highly contagious and is prone to outbreaks or epidemics in densely populated areas and populations where the vaccine is not available. Clinically characterized by fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, conjunctivitis and red papules on the skin and measles and mucous membranes on the buccal mucosa. The rash regresses with pigmentation and bran-like desquamation. It is often accompanied by otitis media and laryngotracheitis. , pneumonia, encephalitis, etc., can cause death in serious cases and seriously endanger children's health and life safety. The timely and complete inoculation of measles-containing vaccines in accordance with the regulations is an effective measure to prevent measles; the routine immunization regulations in Shandong administer 1 dose of leprosy vaccine to 8-month-old children, and 1 dose of poliomyelitis vaccine to 18-month-old and 6-year-old children respectively; For personal hygiene, ventilate and ventilate the windows frequently to keep the indoor air fresh.

Mumps

Mumps is an acute respiratory infection caused by the mumps virus. The main clinical features are swelling of the parotid gland. It can also invade the testis, ovary, and central nervous system and cause serious complications. Schools, kindergartens, and other institutions are prone to outbreaks of epidemic mumps, and the main population is students. From March to July and October to January, the incidence of epidemic mumps is high. Children of school age should be vaccinated in a timely manner with a vaccine containing a component of mumps, such as a paralytic or palsy vaccine. Normally, you should develop good personal hygiene habits. The room or classroom should always open windows for ventilation and keep the indoor air fresh. Insect therapy should be followed by isolation therapy. The isolation period is generally considered to be about 3 weeks from the onset until the swelling of the parotid gland is completely resolved.

Bacterial or viral diarrhea

Common bacterial diarrhea diseases include cholera, bacillary dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. Viral diarrhea mainly includes diarrhea caused by enterovirus and rotavirus. It can be affected all year round, and it is high in summer and autumn. Symptoms of diarrhea should be treated in a timely manner and no antibiotics should be used at will. The main measure for the prevention of diarrheal diseases is to “make a good mouthful” to prevent illness from entering the mouth, and to achieve five to five.

Five: To wash your hands before and after meals, buy seafood and cook them thoroughly. Heat the food thoroughly between meals. Separate raw and cooked foods. See for symptoms.

5. Don't: Don't drink uncooked raw water, don't patronise unlicensed foods, don't eat rotten foods, don't eat too much, don't touch undisinfected (contaminated) items.

In general, the following points must be made to prevent summer infectious diseases:

First, to develop good hygiene habits, do a good job of diet and personal hygiene, prevent illness from entering the mouth, wash hands after eating before meals, eat food that spoils and spoils, taste water, drink raw water, and eat unclean raw food. Raw and cooked foods should be separated and do not eat food that flies, cockroaches or mice have bitten.

Second, it is necessary to strengthen physical training and enhance individual physical fitness. Daily ventilation and fresh air are used to open windows regularly. In seasons of high respiratory illness such as influenza, unnecessary activities in public places are reduced.

Third, we must vigorously carry out the patriotic public health campaign to improve the sanitation of the living environment, ensure the hygiene of drinking water, and ensure the safety of drinking water.

Fourth, timely and full vaccination against the vaccine, improve their immunity.

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