Rice breeding is an important measure to capture high yields of rice. According to the different management methods of irrigation water, rice breeding can be divided into various forms such as water breeding, wet breeding, dry breeding, two-stage breeding, plastic floppy disk breeding (form). Let's talk about these five rice breeding techniques in detail. 1. Water breeding method Shuiyuyu is a breeding method based on flooding management during the whole breeding period. It has a certain effect on the use of water layer to keep warm and prevent weeds and weeds, and it is easy to pull up, less seedlings, saline-alkali land flooding, salt-proof The role of seedling protection, but long-term flooding, soil oxygen deficiency, seedlings easy to grow and affect the roots of the roots, poor seedling quality, is the traditional method used in China's rice areas, has been rarely used. Rice seedlings generally need to pay attention to seed quality and seed treatment, sowing quality, optimal sowing date, seeding rate (density), soil fertility conditions, soil permeability, field management and application of plant growth regulators. Good seed quality means that the seed must have strong viability and strong germination. Using such seeds can ensure a better seed base. High-quality seeds can be improved by the appropriate treatment (such as sun-breeding) to increase the germination rate and the rate of seed formation. 2, wet breeding method Wet breeding is a kind of breeding method between water breeding and dry breeding. The breeding method is easy to adjust the water and gas contradiction in the soil. The seedling is quick after emergence, the emergence is neat, and it is not easy to develop physiological blight, which is conducive to promoting emergence and rooting. To prevent rotten buds and dead seedlings, it is also better to promote and control seedling growth through water management, which has become a basic breeding method for replacing water buds. More commonly used is the plastic film moist heat preservation and breeding method. On the basis of the wet seedling, after the sowing, the film is covered with a film, mostly covered by a low arch. This method of breeding is conducive to heat preservation, moisturizing, warming, early sowing, prevention of rotten buds, rotten sputum, increase the rate of adulteration, and it is necessary to prevent cold and cold damage in early spring. 3, dry breeding method In the whole process of breeding, the dry nursery only keeps the soil moist and does not maintain the breeding method of the water layer. The common fertilizer bed, fine soil method, plastic tray, dry nursery (in greenhouse), open-closed film, dry nursery, etc. have become an important breeding method for cultivating strong, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and water-saving in cold regions and double-season early rice. Fertilizer bed fine soil method plastic tray dry breeding on fertile and loose trampoline, using plastic floppy disk or paper tube for dry breeding. The seeding period of the seedling method is not restricted by water source, and the operation of breeding in dry and dry land is convenient; it is suitable for the cultivation of large, medium and small seedlings, and the seedling age is longer than that of the plastic tray, and it is not rooted, which is beneficial to the combination and application range of high product varieties. expand. In addition, this method facilitates uniform seed supply, centralized breeding, and commercialization. The plastic tray dry breeding is the best breeding form for mechanical throwing, and has broad prospects. Open and closed film dry nursery. The width of the bed is 1.5m. The bamboo or purple spikes or iron wire are used as the arch shed. The middle height is 25~35cm, and one piece is inserted every 50cm. Cover with a semi-plastic film from both sides, overlap 20 to 30cm at the top of the arch shed, and open it from the top when ventilating the seedlings, so it is called open and closed. The method ventilates the seedlings from the middle opening of the roof, which is convenient to operate, saves labor and labor, is convenient for fertilization, watering, and fights medicine, and the temperature and light distribution in the bed are uniform, the seedlings grow neatly, and the seedling rate is high; when the seedlings are opened, the film is opened from the top. Falling to the sides of the arch shed has a windproof effect. In addition, in order to prevent the air permeability of the two membrane interfaces from affecting the heat preservation, a film of the ground film can be laid on the bed surface after the sowing, and the seedlings are removed in time after emergence. 4, two-stage breeding method The two stages of breeding are to carry out the whole breeding process in two stages. The first stage is to use small-scale dry breeding or wet breeding method to cultivate small seedlings of 3~4 leaves; the second stage is to send the small seedlings to soil or not. The soil is planted at a certain density to the field of tillage and fertilization, and after being cultivated into a large number of tillers, it is transplanted to the field. This is a breeding technology suitable for multiple sputum late planting. The advantage is that the rate of sputum is high, the amount of seed is small, the early onset is strong, and the contradiction can be adjusted. It is especially suitable for the fathers who have a longer growth period when the wheat is planted in late rice, double-season continuous cropping and hybrid rice. Two-stage breeding can solve the contradiction between early sowing and late planting, and early emergence of panicles to avoid adverse effects such as high temperature during flowering or low temperature during grain filling. 5, plastic floppy disk breeding method The method is a breeding method developed from the greenhouse breeding, which can increase the proportion of the field, reduce the cost of breeding, and facilitate management, and the seedling quality is good, and the seedling stage is not easy to be affected. The sown seedlings can be planted by hand, which is more conducive to throwing. The floppy disk is usually made of calcium plastic floppy disk, 58cm, length and width 28cm, depth 2.6 ~ 2.8cm, placed on the bed in the field, loaded with nutrient soil, watered, sowed. Dilute seeding of artificial transplanting, 70-80g per plate; dense seeding of mechanical transplanting, 100g per plate, the rest of the operation is the same as open-closed dry nursery. The floppy disk raising is a new technology for reducing costs, facilitating intensive and labor saving. In recent years, the northern rice area has developed rapidly. It has the advantages of using garden fields, nutrient soil, open and closed ventilation, watering and water supply, and utilizing sulfuric acid or acid regulating. The agent is used for nutrient soil acid adjustment; after sowing, the soil is covered, the mulch film is covered, and the seedlings are sturdy and so on. In addition, according to the reasonable density of mechanical or hand-stitching, this method can save seedlings, can be transplanted early, staggered and inserted. The rice water breeding method, the wet breeding method, the dry breeding method, the two-stage breeding method, and the plastic floppy disk breeding method are introduced here. There are many ways to raise rice in production, but no matter which method is used to raise it, you should pay attention to the later management. The most common waxy and sweet corn market, waxy corn has higher nutrient content than ordinary corn, containing 70-75% starch (and almost all amylose), more than 10% protein, 4-5% fat and 2 % Of multivitamins have more grains, VA, VB1, and VB2 than rice with the highest content of protein, fat and VB2. Yellow corn also contains carotenoids, such as rice and wheat. The molecular weight of waxy corn starch is more than 10 times smaller than that of ordinary corn. The starch makes glutinous rice sticky and softer than ordinary hard corn. Its digestibility is more than 20% higher than that of ordinary corn, and it is suitable for people with irregular teeth. At the same time, the content of amylose (a kind of polysaccharide) is very high, which is not suitable for diabetics.
Waxy corn is also called sticky corn. The grains have rough, waxy endosperm, similar to shiny, transparent grains, such as hard and dented corn. Its chemical and physical properties are controlled by a recessive gene located on chromosome 9. 100% of the starch in the endosperm is amylose.
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