Essentials of High-quality Dry Pepper Cultivation Techniques

I. Seedling Cultivation

The vast majority of farmers buy pepper seedlings, which need to be transplanted, grown into seedlings, and planted on the ground.

1. Arch shed construction: Choose leeward sun, convenient irrigation and drainage, build north-south arch shed or east-south slope shed, north-south arch shed, and buckle "three tiles" type shed film. The shed is 1.5-2 meters high and 4-8 meters wide. The length depends on the area. Generally, the shed needs to be transplanted about 300 square meters per hectare. Sheds were warmed in late March and early April.

2. Bed soil treatment: Select fertile, grass-free field topsoil, and avoid using field soil with sorghum, millet, sugar beet and solanaceous crops as the previous crop. Depending on the soil fertility, add an adequate amount of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, generally add about 100 kg per cubic meter of soil, and add 500 grams of "all-element vegetable seedling agent". The soil and fertilizer are mixed evenly and sieved, and then spread on the seedbed, 10 mm in thickness, flattened slightly after being pressed down.

3. Transplantation method: The transplantation time is generally from April 15th to 20th, depending on the weather conditions and the shed insulation conditions. The transplant density is ideally 7 × 7 cm. If the area of ​​the shed is insufficient, it should be at least 5 × 5 cm. There are two types of transplantation methods: 1) watering before transplanting, marking and planting the eyelets according to the row spacing of the plants, and re-watering the plants after planting; 2) marking the seedlings with dry soil. through.

4. Transplantation management: try to keep warm and moisturize before slowing down the seedlings. It is not necessary to let out the air if the temperature of the shed is not more than 30 ℃. After slow seedlings, it is about 25 ℃ during the day and about 15 ℃ at night. Watering is usually not done before the seedlings are planted, and water is needed on sunny mornings when there is a lack of water after the seedlings are planted. The soil fertility of the seedling rear view bed and the growth of pepper seedlings were sprayed 2 to 3 times with foliar fertilizer at intervals of 5-7 days. Permeate water 10 days before planting, and gradually increase the amount of ventilation. Remove the shed film 3 to 4 days before planting, and perform seedling exercises.

Second, land selection

It is necessary to choose lands with flat terrain, high fertility, and good water conditions to plant peppers. Try to avoid heavy stubble, stubble and sorghum, sugar beet, millet, and other solanaceous crops as the previous stubble. Do not choose low-lying and flood-prone pepper fields.

Third, the land preparation film

Plant pepper plots * for ploughing, if you ca n’t plough, plan the stubble. There are two methods of land preparation. Generally, after sandy soil is applied with base fertilizer, make small high hoe, hoe width of 90 cm, hoe width of 30 cm, buckle width of 90-100 cm, and planting "turned" seedlings on both sides of the hoe; "Three-plow through" ridges are formed along the river black land with a ridge width of 60-65 cm, a single ridge with a width of 60 cm, or a double ridge with a width of 120 cm, and seedlings are planted on the ridge. Before mulching, be sure to permeate the bottom water. After non-sticky feet, immediately mulch, moisturize and keep warm. Before the film is covered, a herbicide 48% cable is used, and 3,000 ml per hectare is applied, and 750 kg of water is sprayed on the ridge surface, and the film is immediately covered after spraying. Lamination should be carried out 7-10 days before transplanting. Before mulching, flatten the ridge (畦) surface. When laminating, it should be tightly pressed.

Fourth, reasonable fertilization

Jinta pepper should be mainly supplemented with fertilizer and supplemented with chemical fertilizer. The soil in Jinta pepper production area is mainly black calcareous soil, impact soil, and light black calcareous soil. The calculation of the above-fertilized nutrients in each type of soil is shown in the table below.

Fertilizer consumption of 5,000 kg of pepper per hectare

Unit: ton

Fertilizer application rate sheep pen manure chicken manure cow pen manure horse pen manure pig pen manure

Black calcareous earth 3030704055

Impact soil 2525654055

Pale black calcareous earth 3535804560

Apply the full amount of agricultural fertilizer and pepper plots. Each hectare needs to be supplemented with 500 kg of compound fertilizer (including N15%, P2O515%, K2O15%), 200 kg of urea as base fertilizer, or 300 kg of urea, 150 kg of diammonium, and 150 potassium sulfate Kg is the bottom fertilizer. During the whole growth period of pepper, secondary nitrogen fertilizer must be applied. Once during the flowering period of June 15-20, the door was topdressed with urea at 200 kg per hectare; the second time in mid-July the pepper was topdressed with urea at 150 kg per hectare.

Five, timely colonization

1. Planting time: Planting can be done after the final frost, and the normal year can be around May 20th and end before May 25th.

2. Planting density: According to different soil fertility and fertilization levels, the number of protected seedlings per hectare is 56,000 to 60,000. Calculated by 60 cm ridge spacing, plant spacing is 28-30 cm.

3. Planting method: use a hole punch with a diameter of 6-8 cm or a wooden pole to pierce the eyes, the depth is generally 8-10 cm, cast the seedlings, and seal with field soil after watering.

4. Planting irrigation: water the seedlings slowly. After a certain area has been planted, water must be poured once. The double-ridge mulching must be irrigated under the film. The method is: at the end of the ditch under the film, lift the plastic film, and use 8 iron wire or thin soft branches to support irrigation, and then press the water inlet tightly after the irrigation.

Field management

1. Scientific irrigation: Peppers are afraid of waterlogging and drought. In accordance with the principle of "three watching" (looking at the sky, looking at the ground, and looking at the seedlings), small water should be irrigated frequently. In the rainy season of July-August, attention should be paid to preventing flooding and timely drainage.

2. Prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds: 1) Disease control: Results Early stage of high temperature and drought is prone to umbilical rot, should be irrigated and cooled, sprayed with foliar calcium fertilizer, 70% methyltobutin can be sprayed before the disease, 50% polybacteria 500 times solution of Ling to prevent secondary infection, high temperature and high humidity season from July to August, prone to anthrax, can be sprayed with 65% mancozeb zinc 500 times solution, 58% rhodomanganese manganese zinc solution 600 times; In the case of continuous rain or sudden rain, it is prone to scabies, and it should be sprayed with DT fungicide, killable, agricultural streptomycin, medical penicillin, etc. before or at the beginning of the disease; , Foliar dew, prone to bacterial leaf spot, the prevention and treatment methods are the same as scabies. 2) Pest control: It is mainly for controlling aphids. It was found that aphids need to be controlled as soon as possible, alternately using imidacloprid plus cypermethrin and acaricides. 3) Weed control: timely weeding of seedlings and weeds between ridges to reduce fertilizer and water loss.

3. Twig and tip: After planting the slow seedlings, the side branches below the door pepper should be removed in time so that the shoots are not too big. Beginning on August 10, the topping of the buds from the top of the pepper branch will promote the ripening of the lower fruit.

4. Bar pole rack: In order to prevent the growth of pepper seedlings in the vigorous area, a thick wooden stick is inserted into the ridge every 5-8 meters, and two thin nylon ropes are connected to the wooden stick on both sides of the pepper. Tighten up and sandwich the pepper seedlings between the two ropes. Small areas of pepper fields can be supported by sticks and branches.

Seven, harvesting and drying

After the peppers are mature, they can be harvested and dried in batches. The specific method is: choose red ripe fruits for picking and let them stand in a shady and ventilated place for about 3 days. In plastic greenhouses, the sheds are warmed during the day, and ventilated and dehumidified at night. 3-4 days before the frost (about September 15), the roots are pulled up and put down, and the roots are in one direction when laying down. Flip up and down once every 3-5 days, and after 15-20 days of drying in the field, pull back to the pallet. The piles of peppers should be selected in a high and sunny place. The bottom of the piles should be cushioned with thick wooden poles or sunflower rods. The north-south direction is a single row. It flips once every day. Do not squeeze or trample when flipping in the air, let alone turning with a steel fork, to avoid damaging peppers and fruits and causing mildew. When the roots of peppers and fruits are not twisted by hand twisting, the moisture required for the acquisition is reached, the peppers and fruits can be removed from the seedlings and bagged for sale.

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