Release date: 2015-07-07 Lao Liao, who raised more than 2,000 pigs in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, is increasingly worried. Pigs may have dozens of diseases, and it is common for old Liao to give injections to pigs. However, the effect of the medicine is getting worse and worse. Lao Liao can only give the pig more needles and more medicine. "Veterinary drugs often hit us much more and we are afraid of ourselves." Lao Liao said. His concerns have been reflected in the maps drawn by scientists, causing more people's concerns. Recently, a study published by Ying Guangguo's research group of the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences showed that the use of antibiotics in China was staggering in 2013, using 162,000 tons of antibiotics a year, accounting for about half of the world's consumption, of which 52% were For veterinary use, 48% are used by humans, and more than 50,000 tons of antibiotics are discharged into the water and soil environment. The research team conducted a 10-year survey of major rivers in China, and mapped out antibiotic pollution maps based on the use and emissions of various types of antibiotics in 58 river basins. This research result was recently published in the US Environmental Science and Technology, which is the most important professional publication in the international environmental field. It can be seen from the color of the pollution map that Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and other relatively developed regions are darker in color, which means that it is the hardest hit area. In the densely populated eastern part, the emission of antibiotics is more than six times that of the western basin. Ying Guangguo said that compared with foreign countries, the total concentration of antibiotics in Chinese rivers is relatively high, measuring concentrations up to 7560 ng/L, with an average of 303 ng/L, Italy is only 9 ng/L, and the United States is 120 ng. / l, Germany 20 ng / liter. In terms of emission intensity, the Pearl River Basin, Haihe River Basin, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the highest in China. The annual emission intensity of antibiotics in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions ranges from 79 kg/km2 to 109 kg/km2. According to experts, the sources of antibiotics in the environment include domestic sewage, medical wastewater, and animal feed and aquaculture wastewater discharge, while the abuse of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry is the main source. “Some pig farms, especially tens of thousands of large pig farms, add a variety of antibiotics to pig feed and water. We have detected more than a dozen antibiotics in one feed. If it is for prevention Adding one or two is enough, but adding more than ten kinds is very scary." Ying Guangguo said. In addition, the phenomenon of medical abuse of antibiotics is also very common in China. According to Ying Guangguo, the current control of antibiotic use in large hospitals is relatively good, but small and medium-sized hospitals, pharmacies and animal husbandry are basically uncontrolled. Some doctors rely heavily on antibiotics. The use of antibiotics in large quantities is easy to achieve immediate results. Another important factor is profit-driven, driving the hospital's economic benefits with high profits. Antibiotics play a pivotal role in the sale of drugs in hospitals. Ying Guangguo said that although China has strengthened the standardized management of antibiotics in major cities and some major hospitals in recent years, the overall abuse trend has not been fundamentally reversed. The use of antibiotics per capita in China is five to eight times that of Western countries. He said that although the antibiotic residues in the environment do not directly harm the human body, the real harm of antibiotic abuse and antibiotic environmental pollution is to aggravate bacterial resistance. Experts say that the emergence of “super bacteriaâ€, or “multi-drug resistant bacteriaâ€, which has caused great panic, has been shown to be associated with antibiotic contamination in the environment and the killing of microbial communities. Li Lanjuan, an expert in infectious diseases, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and director of the State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, said that the abuse of antibacterial drugs will lead to the ravage of drug-resistant bacteria. Once extensive drug resistance occurs, even in routine surgery such as caesarean section, hip replacement, the risk of death from surgery and concurrent infection will multiply. The victim is first and foremost a child. In April this year, Shanghai Fudan University School of Public Health conducted urine tests on more than 1,000 children aged 8 to 11 in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, etc. The results showed that nearly 60% of children had antibiotics in their urine. Drug resistance is one of the most pressing public health problems in the world. According to a report released by the World Health Organization in 2014, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are spreading all over the world, and the situation is extremely serious. Ying Guangguo said that the study provided reliable data and theoretical support for China to make decisions to control antibiotic abuse, environmental antibiotic contamination, and to avoid further spread of bacterial resistance and resistance genes. Next, further research on antibiotic contamination treatment technology will be conducted to establish antibiotic control standards. The National Health and Family Planning Commission has issued regulations on the management of antimicrobials. The "Administrative Measures for the Clinical Application of Antimicrobial Drugs", which was implemented on August 1, 2012, is called "the most severe anti-order in history." Antibiotics are classified into three levels of management: unrestricted use, restricted use, and special use. It clearly stipulates the prescribing authority of doctors of different grades. Doctors who use antibiotics in serious violations will be revoked. Experts pointed out that the most crucial thing is to strictly control the production and marketing links, and to manage transactions that are driven by profits and profits. First of all, we still start with the reform of medicine and medicine, and cut off the interests of hospitals and medicines. Secondly, improve the national health literacy and consciously resist the bad habit of drug abuse. Strictly implement the laws and regulations governing prescription drugs, and severely punish doctors who sell prescription drugs and doctors who open antibiotics. In addition, it is necessary to learn from the EU countries' comprehensive ban on the addition of any antibiotics to feeds, and issue corresponding regulations as soon as possible to strictly limit the use of antibiotics in crop farming and aquaculture, and control them from the source. Source: Economic Information
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