Peanut mechanized harvesting technique

Harvest period

Generally when the peanut plants show signs of ageing, the tops stop growing, the upper leaves and stalks turn yellow, most of the pods are hardened, the reticulates are clear, the seed coats are thinned, and the kernels can be harvested when they show varietal characteristics. Harvest season to avoid the rainy season.

2. Harvest conditions

Soil moisture content of 10% -18%, when the soil is loose, suitable for peanut harvesting machinery operations. Soil moisture content is too high for mechanized harvesting; when the water content is too low and the soil is compacted, irrigation can be adequately irrigated, and soil moisture content can be adjusted to mechanize the harvest.

3. Selection of harvesting methods

Based on the local soil conditions, economic conditions and planting patterns, appropriate mechanized harvesting methods and corresponding harvesting machinery should be selected.

(1) Segmented harvesting. Promote the use of peanut harvester excavation, shaking soil and laying, picking and picking machine to complete picking picking fruit selection, or artificial picking, mechanical picking fruit selection. In hilly slopes, peanut excavators can be used to pick up peanuts, picked up manually, and mechanically picked.

Peanut harvester operating quality requirements: the total loss rate of 5% or less, buried fruit rate of 2% or less, the depth of the excavation rate of more than 98%, the rate of broken fruit below 1%, soil content below 2%; no oil spills, after work The surface is relatively flat, without any leakage, and the inorganic group grinds the crop and no fruit is spilled.

Peanut excavator operation quality requirements: excavation depth of more than 98% pass rate, broken fruit rate of 1% or less, no oil spills, the surface after the operation is more smooth, no leakage, inorganic group of crops rolling, no fruit spilled.

(2) Combine harvesting. One-time completion of peanut excavation, transportation, clearing of soil, fruit picking, cleaning and fruit collection operations using the combine harvester. The choice of combine harvester should match the seeder.

Half-feeding peanut combine harvester operating quality requirements: total loss rate below 3.5%, broken rate below 1%, net pick-up rate below 1%, cracking rate below 1.5%, impurity rate below 3%; no oil spills After the operation, the surface of the site was relatively flat and leak-free, and the inorganic group rolled over the crops without spilling fruit.

Feeding peanuts combine harvester operating quality requirements: total loss rate of 5.5% or less, broken rate of 2% or less, no net pick-up rate of 2% or less, cracking rate of 2.5% or less, impurity rate of 5% or less; no oil spill pollution After the operation, the surface of the site was relatively flat and leak-free, and the inorganic group rolled over the crops without spilling fruit.

4. Treated

Peanut vines harvested after harvesting by half-harvesting combine harvesters should be laid out regularly to facilitate picking and recycling by mechanization. All peanuts and vines harvested after being fed into the combine harvester should be placed on a regular basis to facilitate mechanized picking and recycling if used as feed. If they are returned to the field, they should be shredded and uniformly sprinkled on the surface.

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