Overview According to the needs of the laboratory, the laboratory has valuable precision instruments and various chemicals, including flammable and corrosive drugs. In addition, harmful gases or vapors are often produced during operation. Therefore, there are special requirements for the laboratory structure, environment, indoor facilities, etc., which should be considered when preparing a new laboratory or remodeling the original laboratory. Laboratory rooms are roughly divided into three categories: precision instrument laboratories, chemical analysis laboratories, and auxiliary rooms (offices, storage rooms, steel cylinder rooms, etc.). The laboratory is required to be kept away from dust, smoke, noise and vibration sources. Therefore, the laboratory should not be built near traffic routes, boiler rooms, machine rooms and production workshops (except workshop laboratories). In order to maintain good weather conditions, it should generally be north-south. First, the precision instrument room The precision instrument room is required to have the functions of fireproof, shockproof, anti-electromagnetic interference, noise prevention, moisture proof, anti-corrosion, dustproof and anti-harmful gas intrusion. The room temperature is kept as constant as possible. In order to maintain the good performance of the general instrument, the temperature should be 15~30 °C, and the condition is best controlled at 18~25 °C. The humidity is between 60% and 70%. The instrument room that needs constant temperature can be equipped with double doors and windows and air conditioning. The instrument room can be terrazzo or anti-static floor. It is not recommended to use carpet. Because the carpet is easy to accumulate dust, it will also generate static electricity. The power supply voltage of large precision instrument room should be stable. Generally, the voltage fluctuation range is ±10%. If necessary, equip with ancillary equipment (eg, regulated power supply, etc.). In order to ensure uninterrupted power supply, dual power supply can be used. A dedicated ground wire should be designed with a grounding resistance of less than 4 ohms. In the gas chromatograph chamber and the atomic absorption analysis chamber, it is preferable to use a high-pressure steel cylinder, and it is preferable to set it in the vicinity of the chamber to be able to build a steel cylinder chamber (direction north). The test bench for the instrument is 500mm away from the wall for easy operation and maintenance. There is good ventilation in the room. A partial exhaust hood is arranged above the atomic absorption instrument. Microcomputers and microcomputer-controlled precision instruments have certain requirements on the supply voltage and frequency. In order to prevent voltage transients, instantaneous power failure, and insufficient voltage, etc., the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) can be selected as needed. At the same time as designing a dedicated instrument analysis room, the corresponding chemical processing room is designed nearby, which is necessary to protect the instrument and strengthen management. Second, the chemical analysis room In the chemical analysis room, the chemical treatment and analytical determination of the sample are carried out. Some small electrical equipment and various chemical reagents are often used in the work. If the operation is inadvertent and dangerous, the design of the chemical analysis room should be designed according to these characteristics. Note the following requirements: 1. Building requirements: The building of the laboratory shall be constructed of fire-resistant or non-combustible materials, and the fireproof performance shall also be considered for partitions and ceilings. The terrazzo floor can be used, the window should be dustproof, the indoor lighting should be good, the door should be opened outwards, and the large laboratory should have two exits to facilitate the evacuation of personnel in the event of an accident. 2, water supply and drainage: water supply to ensure the necessary water pressure, water quality, and water to meet the needs of the normal operation of equipment, indoor total valve should be located in a significant position easy to operate, the sewer should be resistant to acid and alkali corrosion materials, There should be a floor drain on the ground. 3. Ventilation facilities: Due to the toxic or flammable gases often generated in the laboratory work, the laboratory should have good ventilation conditions. There are generally three types of ventilation facilities: 1 Whole room ventilation: using exhaust fan or ventilation shaft, the number of air changes is generally 5 times / hour. 2 Partial exhaust hood: generally installed above the harmful gas part of large instruments. Above the harmful gases generated in the teaching laboratory, a local exhaust hood is provided to reduce indoor air pollution. 3 fume hood: This is a local exhaust device commonly used in laboratories. There are heating sources, water sources, lighting and other fixtures. The fume hood can be made of fire-proof and explosion-proof metal material, and the anti-corrosion coating is applied inside, and the ventilation pipe should be resistant to acid and alkali gas corrosion. The fan can be installed in the top floor room and should have vibration and noise reduction. The exhaust pipe should be more than 2m above the roof. It is better to connect one exhaust fan to a fume hood, different rooms Sharing a fan and ventilation duct is prone to cross-contamination. The correct position of the fume hood in the room is placed in a place where the air flow is small, or a better slit fume hood is used. The height of the ventilated countertop is 800mm, the width is 750mm, the net height in the cabinet is 1200-1500mm, the height of the operating port is 800mm, and the length of the cabinet is 1200-1800mm. The wind speed at the seam is 0.3-0.5m/s and the opening height of the window is 300-500mm. The width of the rear air passage of the baffle is equal to more than 2 times the width of the slit. 4. Gas and power supply: Conditional laboratories can install pipeline gas. The power of the laboratory is divided into electricity for lighting and equipment. Lighting is best done with fluorescent lights. In the electricity consumption of the equipment, the electrical appliances running 24h are separately powered by the refrigerator, and the rest of the electrical equipment are controlled by the main switch. The electric heating equipment such as the oven and the high temperature furnace should have special sockets, switches and fuses. Install emergency lights indoors and in the hallway for use when there is a sudden power outage at night. 5. Experimental bench: The experimental bench is mainly composed of the table top and the under-seat bracket and the utensil cabinet. For the convenience of operation, the medicine rack can be set on the table, and the water tank can be installed at both ends of the table. The test bench is generally 750mm wide and can be 1500-3000mm depending on the size of the room, and the height can be 800-850mm. The countertop is usually made of veneer physicochemical board, solid core physicochemical board, anti-corrosive artificial stone or terrazzo prefabricated board. The ideal countertop should be flat, not easy to break, resistant to acid and alkali and solvent corrosion, heat resistant, not easy to break glassware. Third, the auxiliary room 1. Drug storage room: Since many chemical reagents are flammable, explosive, toxic or corrosive, do not buy too much. The storage room is only used to store a small amount of chemicals that are used in the near future, and must meet the safety requirements for the storage of dangerous goods. It must have the function of preventing open flame, moisture, high temperature, direct sunlight, and lightning protection. The room of the drug storage room should be facing north, dry and well ventilated. The ceiling should be shaded and insulated, the doors and windows should be strong, the windows should be high windows, and the doors and windows should be equipped with sun visors. The door should open outwards. The flammable liquid storage room is generally not allowed to exceed 28 °C at room temperature, and the explosives must not exceed 30 °C. A small number of dangerous goods can be stored in isolation by iron plate cabinet or cement cabinet. The indoor exhaust cooling fan is equipped with explosion-proof lighting fixtures. Fire equipment is available. The semi-basement that can meet the above conditions is a drug storage room. 2. Cylinder room: The flammable or combustion-supporting cylinders are required to be placed in the outdoor cylinder room. The cylinder room is required to be away from heat sources, fire sources and combustibles. The cylinder chamber should be constructed of non-combustible or flame-retardant materials, the wall with an explosion-proof wall, a lightweight top cover, and the door facing outward. Avoid sun exposure and good ventilation. The cylinder is more than 10m away from the open flame heat source, and the indoor has an erect and stable iron frame for the cylinder. (Content reference laboratory design and construction) NINGBO MEDICAL EQUIPMENT CO.,LTD , https://www.techartmeds.com