Types and introductions of new fertilizers in 2015

Types and introduction of new fertilizers

Microbial fertilizer

Three products of microbial fertilizer:

1. Agricultural microbial agents

The agricultural microbial agent (abbreviated as a microbial product) is a live fungus product which is directly used after one or more functional microorganisms (effective living bacteria) are added by industrial production, or is concentrated or adsorbed by a carrier. It is characterized by high number of bacteria, low dosage, use of various functional strains, and many varieties of products. It can be used in crops, soils, straws, and pesticide residues such as field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and other economic crops. It can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, ditch application or acupoint application. It can also be used for seed dressing, soaking, rooting or foliar application, depending on the type of fertilizer.

When using microbial fertilizers, be careful not to expose them to sunlight for a long time to prevent ultraviolet rays from killing microorganisms in the fertilizer. Incompatibility is another problem that must be paid attention to. Some products should not be mixed with chemical fertilizers, especially some microbial fertilizers related to nitrogen fixation should not be mixed with chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Bactericides (bactericidal products) cannot be mixed with various microbial fertilizers to avoid killing effective bacteria.

2, compound microbial fertilizer

The compound microorganism refers to a living fungus product which is compounded with nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) after being industrially produced and added. The total content of NPK in powder and granule products is generally not higher than 25%, in the range of 6% to 25%; liquid dosage form products are above 4%, which can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing; diluted 500 times to make foliar fertilizer.

Storage must be noted that it should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated warehouse, do not stack in the open air, to prevent sun and rain, to avoid the impact of some adverse conditions.

3. Bio-organic fertilizer standard

Bio-organic fertilizer is a kind of micro-organism and organic fertilizer which is composed of specific functional microorganisms and mainly composed of animal and plant residues (such as livestock manure, crop straw, etc.) and is harmlessly treated and attached organic materials. Effect of fertilizer.

There are three main points to keep in mind when applying bio-organic fertilizer. First, organic fertilizer can improve the soil. At present, the application rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is high, the soil compaction is serious, the organic matter content is decreased, the fertilizer application is increased, and the soil fertility function is weakened, which makes the input-output ratio imbalance. In order to improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, it is necessary to improve the ecological environment of the soil (warm, light, water, nutrients, gas, etc.) and change the living environment of the crops in order to truly see the actual results. Secondly, it is necessary to distinguish the variety and quality of bio-organic fertilizers. There are many kinds of bio-organic fertilizers on the market, the quality is true and false, and the nutrient content is also high or low. Farmers should carefully identify when purchasing, to see if there is a fertilizer registration certificate, production and operation license, etc., you must obtain an official invoice after purchase. Leave your credentials. The third is to pay attention to the method of storage and application. The nutrient content of bio-organic fertilizer is relatively abundant, and it is accompanied by beneficial microbial strains, but its fertilizer efficiency is slower than that of chemical fertilizers. When purchasing and applying, farmers should pay attention to the following points in technology:

â—† Bio-organic fertilizers should not be stored together with pesticides to prevent damage to functional microorganisms while avoiding direct sunlight;

â—† Bio-organic fertilizer should be applied in combination with chemical fertilizers to release quick-acting and delayed-acting nutrients in batches for crop absorption;

â—†It should be used in combination with high-quality compound fertilizer. If it is used on green leafy vegetables, it should be applied with compound fertilizer with higher nitrogen content. If applied to root-crop crops, it should be applied. a compound fertilizer with a higher potassium content;

â—† It should be applied when the lyrics are suitable. If there is continuous drought, it should be watered in time after application;

â—† To ditch or squat deep, or to spread it and plow it.

Soil conditioner

The soil conditioner is composed of agricultural water-retaining agent and natural peat rich in organic matter and humic acid or other organic substances, supplemented by biological active ingredients and nutrients.

Soil conditions have a great influence on the application effect of the conditioning agent. Soil moisture affects the uniformity of conditioning agent dispersion, soil water content is too high, ploughing is poor, field operation is difficult, and it is difficult to mix evenly; soil texture affects the agglomeration of conditioning agent on soil, and clay has better agglomeration effect than sand. The high content of organic matter is better than the low content. When purchasing or using soil conditioners, you also need to open economic conditions and do your best. First of all, we should make full use of cheap natural resources such as grass charcoal, straw and lime or gypsum and other mineral materials, but the amount of organic materials and natural minerals is very large, and it needs to be applied nearby. Natural resource conditioners can be applied in larger amounts, and the range of suitable dosages is wider; while synthetic conditioning agents, because of higher potency and cost, are used in much smaller amounts.

It should be noted that it is determined that the soil has deteriorated, and then the soil conditioner is applied, but it should not be relied on for a long time to avoid over-regulation. The main function of the soil conditioner is to improve the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. And the state of the knot, so it can not be applied for a long time, otherwise it is not conducive to the growth of vegetables and the like.

Humic acid fertilizer

Humic acid solid fertilizer is a basic fertilizer based on root application (base fertilizer), which is mainly composed of humic acid and various elements to form a simple or multi-fertilizer. Humic acid liquid fertilizer is a supplementary fertilizer mainly based on gully and planting and planting and leaf spraying.

Its main functions are mainly focused on stimulating physiological metabolism, improving nutrient utilization, improving soil structure, enhancing plant stress resistance and increasing yield. At present, it is mainly used for wheat, corn and other economic crops such as cotton in field crops, and also widely used in fruit trees and facility cash crops. In the application method, the water-soluble solid or liquid product is mainly used for foliar fertilizer, seed fertilizer or soaking, and root soaking. Generally diluted about 800 times. A large number of elemental humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers can also be used as base fertilizers or top dressings, but due to the high cost and limited application, they should be applied in combination with farmyard manure and conventional fertilizers.

However, it should be noted that the proportion of nutrients in different types of humic acid fertilizers is different, and the production methods are different. Therefore, the difference in fertilizer is very large, and the appropriate dosage is naturally different. All localities must be applied according to the instructions for use of fertilizers. Humic acid fertilizers can not completely replace fertilizers and farmyard manures, and they are better combined with fertilizers and farmyard manures. At the same time, it is best to use activated humic acid fertilizer because the effect of unactivated humic acid is slow. Since fulvic acid does not utilize the formation of water-stable aggregate structure in the soil, the fulvic acid fertilizer should not be applied to the soil, but should be applied as a foliar fertilizer.

New foliar fertilizer

Foliar fertilizer generally refers to organic and inorganic fertilizers of various forms and nutrients. After processing, it is made into an aqueous solution and sprayed on the foliage of plants according to certain technical requirements, concentrations and dosages to provide nutrients for plants. Its main feature is that it is well targeted and lacks any elements to fill in any elements. Nowadays, the new type of foliar fertilizer can achieve both fertilizer and medicine; both fertilizer control and fertilization; fertilizer and resistance are the development direction of agricultural green food and agricultural industrialization in the future.

It is especially suitable for melons and vegetables with short growth cycle and high economic value. It is suitable for topdressing in the expansion period and before the market. The main varieties are: a large number of elements of water-soluble fertilizer, medium amount of water-soluble fertilizer, containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, trace element water-soluble fertilizer, containing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, organic water-soluble fertilizer.

Slow/controlled release fertilizer

It is characterized by nutrient release and crop absorption synchronization, saving resources, protecting the environment, saving time and labor. Pay attention to when choosing:

1. Pay special attention to nutrient content, NPK ratio and nutrient release period when purchasing, as a basis for rational application. 2. It is suitable for one-time application of base fertilizer, generally 30-50 kg per acre, separated from the seed, 10-15 cm deep in the side or layered fertilization. Also pay attention to the proper coordination of NPK and whether there is any deferment in the later stage. 3. Do topdressing and advance amount. If you do topdressing, you should use appropriate amount and apply soil. Due to the long effect of fertilizer, the fertilization period can be advanced earlier than ordinary fertilizer.

Carbon dioxide fertilizer

Commodity carbon dioxide fertilizer is mainly used in facility agriculture, not limited to specific crops; it is classified into three forms: solid, liquid and gas. The solid fertilizer can be dry ice or granules. When dry ice is used, people cannot directly contact it to prevent low temperature damage; granules can be directly sprinkled on the ground or buried in the soil, about 40 kg per mu, and can be continuously released within 40 days. When the liquid fertilizer is used, the carbon dioxide-filled cylinder is placed in the protective ground, and the carbon dioxide gas is transported to the fully utilized part of the crop through the pressure reducing valve. When the bottle mouth pressure is between 0.1MPa and 0.12MPa, it can be released for 6-12 minutes per day. The gaseous fertilizer is applied 1 hole per square meter, the depth is 3 cm, and the application amount per acre is not less than 6-7 kg. It can continuously release carbon dioxide for more than 30 days in one use.

Water soluble fertilizer

Water-soluble fertilizer refers to a multi-element compound fertilizer that can be completely dissolved in water. Mainly used in vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, grain, cotton, oil and other crops, but basically vegetables are the main body of water-soluble fertilizers. There are mainly a large number of elements of water soluble fertilizer, trace element water soluble fertilizer, medium amount of water soluble fertilizer, amino acid soluble fertilizer, and humic acid soluble fertilizer.

When selecting, it should be reasonably selected according to the symptoms of crop deficiency. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to avoid direct application during the application process. The second dilution method should be adopted. Since the water-soluble fertilizer is different from the general compound fertilizer, it should be uniformly applied during application to avoid The seedlings are damaged due to uneven fertilization, and the seedlings are weak. In addition, the amount of fertilizer should be strictly controlled, and a small number of times, according to the fertilizer requirements of the crop, provide nutrients for the crop without interruption. The most common application method is to apply with water. When flushing, it is necessary to pay attention to the slowing of the water flow rate, so that the nutrients can be uniformly infiltrated without causing accumulation and the like. The drip fertigation requires full water solubility on the fertilizer, no impurity precipitation, etc. If the surface is sprayed in the spring and summer, it is best to carry out the evening in the sunny day to reduce the evaporation of the leaves. In the winter, the vegetable in the greenhouse can be carried out between 10:00 and 4:00, because the activity rate of the crop is good and the absorption is the fastest.

Amino acid fertilizer

As the name suggests, it is a fertilizer containing amino acids. The main role of amino acid fertilizers is to improve the absorption and utilization rate, improve crop ecological environment, inhibit pests and diseases, resist heavy duplication and eliminate compaction. Amino acid fertilizers are widely used, from food crops (rice, wheat, corn) to oil crops (canola, soybeans, peanuts), as well as cash crops (cotton, tea, tobacco, mulberry), fruits (apples, pears, citrus) , lychee, longan, peach, plum, apricot, grape), vegetables (cucumber, green vegetables, lentils), etc., almost all of the crops have different degrees of promotion. Amino acid is an additive in fertilizers and is not used as a main raw material to increase soil temperature and transform soil to improve plant absorption and utilization. Vegetable grain yield and quality cannot be guaranteed.

The method of use generally has three methods of spraying, seed dressing and foundation application. It is better to spray 300-600 times of liquid, and 1% of seed dressing is better. Compared with the effect of increasing production, spraying is better than seed dressing and base application. The grain is sprayed at the jointing stage, cotton, peanuts and soybeans are sprayed at the initial flowering stage, and the fruit crops are sprayed at the young fruit stage. The dilution is about 50kg per 667 square meters, and the yield increase can reach 10%--50%; The yield increase effect is generally 5% -10%; and the base application can reach 10% - 15%.

Trace element fertilizer

The so-called trace element fertilizer is because it is very small in the body of the crop, and is as small as a few parts per million of the dry weight of the crop. However, its role can not be underestimated, if the crop lacks some trace elements, the crop will have a certain disease, only the addition of a trace element can eliminate the disease.

â—† Boron fertilizer. It is divided into boric acid and borax, all of which are white and small in the form of sand. There are two kinds of bottles and simple ones. Generally used for spraying and seed dressing. Boron can promote the operation of carbohydrates in plants. Boron deficiency in boron can cause "flowers and not real", and boron deficiency in wheat can cause "no panicle".

â—†Molybdenum fertilizer. Ammonium molybdate, also white sand, is usually used in brown bottles, mostly used for seed dressing, soaking and spraying. The physiological function of molybdenum in crops is mainly expressed in nitrogen metabolism, which is a component of nitrate reductase. Molybdenum deficiency can cause plants to be short and stunted.

â—†Zinc fertilizer. There are zinc sulfate, which is white granular, both in bottle and in simple form. It can be used as a base fertilizer or as a post-spray. Zinc is a component of many enzymes that accelerates the hydration of carbon dioxide. Zinc deficiency can cause the old leaves of the fruit trees to lose green, and the leaves are thin and small, which leads to the occurrence of "small leaf disease" of the fruit trees.

â—† Copper fertilizer. There is copper sulphate, which is a blue-green crystal, usually stored in a brown bottle, mostly used in fruit trees, by spraying. Copper is a component of various enzymes in crops, which is beneficial to the formation of chlorophyll and promotes photosynthesis. The lack of copper is mainly manifested in the young leaves, which makes the young leaves chlorotic.

â—†Manganese fertilizer. Manganese sulfate and manganese chloride are white crystals, and the organic fertilizer is mixed together as a base fertilizer. Manganese is an activator of various enzymes. Manganese can catalyze redox reactions, increase chlorophyll content, and promote the operation of carbohydrates. The leaves of manganese-deficient crops are chlorotic and light. Crops sensitive to manganese are wheat, potatoes, beets and beans.

â—† Iron fertilizer. There is ferrous sulfate, this fertilizer is often applied on fruit trees, which can be used as base fertilizer, and it is better to mix with organic fertilizer. It can also be diluted with water and sprayed.

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